微型直流電機是指輸(shu)出(chu)或輸(shu)入為(wei)直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),稱為(wei)微(wei)型直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。可分(fen)為(wei)特種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)永磁(ci)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。特種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一般無繞(rao)組，驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)較為(wei)復雜，作(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)已自成(cheng)(cheng)體(ti)系(xi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)因勵(li)磁(ci)方式(shi)(shi)不(bu)同，其特性(xing)(xing)也各(ge)有千秋。永磁(ci)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)式(shi)(shi)并勵(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)相近，起動(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩較大(da)，機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械特性(xing)(xing)硬，負載變(bian)化(hua)時轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速變(bian)化(hua)不(bu)大(da)，適用于小功率直(zhi)(zhi)流驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)，如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)玩具、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)工具、音響設備(bei)、汽車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器等。本文主(zhu)要(yao)討論此類功率不(bu)大(da)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不(bu)、體(ti)積較小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微(wei)型直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)。是早發明能(neng)(neng)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換為(wei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設備(bei)，它(ta)可追(zhui)溯到(dao)法(fa)拉第所發明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碟(die)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。到(dao)了(le)1880年(nian)(nian)已成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)到(dao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換裝(zhuang)置，但之(zhi)后由(you)(you)于交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用日(ri)趨普及(ji)，而發明了(le)感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與同步電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性(xing)(xing)亦隨之(zhi)降低。直(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)約1960年(nian)(nian)，由(you)(you)于SCR的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發明，磁(ci)鐵材料(liao)、碳(tan)刷、絕緣材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改良，以及(ji)變(bian)速控制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求日(ri)益增加(jia)，再(zai)(zai)加(jia)上工業(ye)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統再(zai)(zai)次得到(dao)了(le)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)契(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，到(dao)了(le)1980年(nian)(nian)直(zhi)(zhi)流驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)工業(ye)與精密加(jia)工的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵技術。

微型直流電機的特點

1.微型直流電機有個特點是電機可以根據負載大小，自動降速，來達到大的啟動扭矩。這一點交流電機就比較困難。另外直流電機比較容易吸收負載大小(xiao)的突(tu)變，電機轉速(su)可(ke)以自動(dong)適(shi)應(ying)負載大小(xiao)。

2.微型直(zhi)流(liu)電機的(de)效率(lv)一般都要于(yu)其(qi)他類型的(de)電機，所(suo)以達到相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)輸出功率(lv)，直(zhi)流(liu)電機的(de)體積一般都比(bi)較小。對于(yu)安(an)裝位置有限(xian)的(de)情況下(xia)，微型直(zhi)流(liu)電機相(xiang)對比(bi)較合適。