帶減速機的電機稱為減速電機，主要驅(qu)(qu)動結構由驅(qu)(qu)動電(dian)(dian)機、減(jian)速(su)(su)齒(chi)輪(lun)箱組裝而成，驅(qu)(qu)動電(dian)(dian)機可(ke)以是(shi)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)機、步進(jin)電(dian)(dian)機、空心杯電(dian)(dian)機、電(dian)(dian)機、永磁電(dian)(dian)機等(deng)作為(wei)驅(qu)(qu)動源，齒(chi)輪(lun)箱可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)行星(xing)齒(chi)輪(lun)箱、蝸輪(lun)蝸桿齒(chi)輪(lun)箱、圓柱齒(chi)輪(lun)箱作為(wei)減(jian)速(su)(su)器(qi)；減(jian)速(su)(su)電(dian)(dian)機是(shi)一種應用(yong)廣泛(fan)的驅(qu)(qu)動電(dian)(dian)機設(she)備，應用(yong)在不(bu)同(tong)領域，型號規格、參數性能也不(bu)一樣。

減速電(dian)機(ji)(ji)原理：減速器是一(yi)種由(you)封閉在(zai)(zai)剛性殼體內(nei)的(de)齒輪(lun)(lun)驅動(dong)、蝸桿(gan)驅動(dong)、齒輪(lun)(lun)-蝸桿(gan)驅動(dong)所組成的(de)獨立部件，常用(yong)作(zuo)原動(dong)件與工作(zuo)機(ji)(ji)之(zhi)間的(de)減速驅動(dong)裝置。在(zai)(zai)原動(dong)機(ji)(ji)和(he)工作(zuo)機(ji)(ji)或執行機(ji)(ji)構之(zhi)間起匹配(pei)轉(zhuan)速和(he)傳遞轉(zhuan)矩的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，在(zai)(zai)現代機(ji)(ji)械中(zhong)應用(yong)極為廣泛。

減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)機(ji)分(fen)(fen)類：按照(zhao)驅動(dong)級(ji)數不同可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)單(dan)級(ji)和多級(ji)減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)機(ji)廠輪(lun)(lun)形狀可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)圓(yuan)柱齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)機(ji)、圓(yuan)錐齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)機(ji)和圓(yuan)錐－圓(yuan)柱齒(chi)引輪(lun)(lun)減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)機(ji)；按照(zhao)驅動(dong)的布置形式(shi)又可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)展(zhan)開式(shi)、分(fen)(fen)流式(shi)和同進軸式(shi)減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)機(ji)；按照(zhao)驅動(dong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)類型可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)直流減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)、步進減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)、空心杯減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)；按照(zhao)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)箱驅動(dong)形式(shi)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)行(xing)星齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)、蝸輪(lun)(lun)蝸桿減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)、圓(yuan)柱齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)等；

減(jian)速機選型要點(dian)：電機基本參數(shu)包括：額(e)(e)定電壓、額(e)(e)定轉速、額(e)(e)定轉矩，額(e)(e)定功(gong)率、力矩和齒輪箱的減(jian)速比。

1.額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)與微(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的轉(zhuan)速(su)呈正比，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)越高轉(zhuan)速(su)越快，但(dan)如果微(wei)(wei)型(xing)減速(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)超(chao)(chao)過額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)運(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)，首先微(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的效率會(hui)下(xia)降(jiang)，并(bing)會(hui)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流增加產生大量的熱(re)(re)量，最后導致(zhi)微(wei)(wei)型(xing)減速(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)使用壽命縮短或因發熱(re)(re)過高燒毀(hui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，一般微(wei)(wei)型(xing)減速(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)會(hui)有一個運(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)范(fan)(fan)圍，小編并(bing)不建議微(wei)(wei)型(xing)減速(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)超(chao)(chao)出或低(di)于運(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)范(fan)(fan)圍下(xia)運(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)（低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)運(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)也會(hui)產生非常大的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流）。

2.空載轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)：空載轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)是指微(wei)型減(jian)速(su)電機(ji)沒有連(lian)接時在額(e)定電壓下最(zui)快的旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)度，空載轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)與負(fu)載轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)區別是比較大的，取決(jue)于負(fu)載的大小，負(fu)載越大最(zui)后的輸出轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)會越慢(man)。

3.額定功(gong)率：微型減速電(dian)機在額定電(dian)壓條件下(xia)運(yun)轉時(shi)的功(gong)率，可通(tong)過電(dian)流×電(dian)壓得出(chu)輸(shu)出(chu)功(gong)率值。

4.堵(du)(du)轉扭矩(ju)(ju)：指(zhi)微(wei)型減速電機輸出軸不(bu)旋轉時(shi)所提供的最大扭矩(ju)(ju)，堵(du)(du)轉時(shi)間如超(chao)過(guo)(guo)數秒(miao)微(wei)型減速電機會因電流過(guo)(guo)大燒(shao)毀。

5.堵轉(zhuan)電(dian)流：與(yu)堵轉(zhuan)扭(niu)力類似，指微型電(dian)機在最大扭(niu)矩條件(jian)下所(suo)消耗的電(dian)流，這個電(dian)流是(shi)非常高的，如沒有(you)堵轉(zhuan)電(dian)流控(kong)制保護，則會使微型減速電(dian)機損傷(shang)。

6.扭(niu)矩：微型減速電(dian)機的(de)扭(niu)矩是通過力×距(ju)離(li)計算出的(de)，如10Nm堵轉扭(niu)矩下(xia)進行旋轉的(de)電(dian)機能夠在(zai)1m內保持10N。同樣，其也在(zai)0.5m之內保持20N。