微型(xing)齒輪(lun)減速(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是一(yi)種(zhong)常用的減速(su)(su)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)設備，主要驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)結構由減速(su)(su)齒輪(lun)箱、驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組裝而成；微型(xing)齒輪(lun)減速(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)可采用步進電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、空心杯(bei)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、直(zhi)流(liu)有(you)刷電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、直(zhi)流(liu)無刷電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)作為驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，下面將(jiang)詳(xiang)細介紹微型(xing)齒輪(lun)減速(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)特點。

1.步(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)：微型(xing)步(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)是微機(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統中的(de)(de)關鍵執行(xing)部件(jian)，微型(xing)步(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)主要由基(ji)體(ti)、動(dong)子(zi)(zi)和(he)直線(xian)導軌組成。基(ji)體(ti)同(tong)時(shi)也充當定子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)作用,在其(qi)表面有磁極、定子(zi)(zi)齒(chi)、線(xian)圈和(he)控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路；步(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)對于(yu)其(qi)它(ta)(ta)控(kong)制(zhi)用途電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)最(zui)大區別是，它(ta)(ta)接收數(shu)字控(kong)制(zhi)信(xin)號(hao)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖信(xin)號(hao)）并(bing)轉(zhuan)化成與(yu)之相(xiang)(xiang)對應(ying)的(de)(de)角位(wei)移(yi)或(huo)直線(xian)位(wei)移(yi)，它(ta)(ta)本(ben)身(shen)就是一(yi)個(ge)完(wan)成數(shu)字模式轉(zhuan)化的(de)(de)執行(xing)元(yuan)件(jian)。而且它(ta)(ta)可開(kai)環位(wei)置控(kong)制(zhi)，輸入一(yi)個(ge)脈沖信(xin)號(hao)就得到(dao)一(yi)個(ge)規(gui)定的(de)(de)位(wei)置增量，這樣的(de)(de)所謂增量位(wei)置控(kong)制(zhi)系統與(yu)傳統的(de)(de)直流(liu)控(kong)制(zhi)系統相(xiang)(xiang)比,其(qi)成本(ben)明(ming)顯減(jian)(jian)低，幾乎不必(bi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)系統調整。采(cai)用步(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)作為驅動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)微型(xing)齒(chi)輪減(jian)(jian)速機(ji)(ji)稱(cheng)為步(bu)進(jin)(jin)減(jian)(jian)速電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)。

2.空(kong)心杯(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)：空(kong)心杯(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)屬(shu)于直流永磁的(de)(de)、控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)，也可(ke)以(yi)將其歸(gui)類為微(wei)特電(dian)(dian)機(ji)。空(kong)心杯(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)具有突出(chu)的(de)(de)節能特性(xing)、靈敏方(fang)便的(de)(de)控(kong)制特性(xing)和穩定的(de)(de)運行特性(xing)，技術先進性(xing)十(shi)分(fen)明顯。空(kong)心杯(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)優點：轉速(su)調整快、體積(ji)小、質量(liang)輕、良好；空(kong)心杯(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)頁廣泛應用在(zai)(zai)微(wei)型齒輪減(jian)速(su)機(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)，這(zhe)種(zhong)減(jian)速(su)機(ji)稱為空(kong)心杯(bei)(bei)減(jian)速(su)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)；產(chan)品廣泛應用在(zai)(zai)智能家居、精密電(dian)(dian)子、消(xiao)費電(dian)(dian)子、家用電(dian)(dian)器(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)等。

3.直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)有刷(shua)(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)：有刷(shua)(shua)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是一種(zhong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，有刷(shua)(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)定子(zi)上(shang)安裝有固定的(de)主磁(ci)極和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)刷(shua)(shua)，轉(zhuan)子(zi)上(shang)安裝有電(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)(shu)繞組和(he)換(huan)(huan)(huan)向(xiang)器(qi)。直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)刷(shua)(shua)和(he)換(huan)(huan)(huan)向(xiang)器(qi)進入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)(shu)繞組，產(chan)(chan)(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生的(de)磁(ci)場與主磁(ci)場相互(hu)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)轉(zhuan)矩，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)旋轉(zhuan)帶動負載。由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)刷(shua)(shua)和(he)換(huan)(huan)(huan)向(xiang)器(qi)的(de)存在，有刷(shua)(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)結(jie)構復(fu)雜(za)，可靠性(xing)差(cha)，故障多，維(wei)護工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)量大(da)(da)，壽命短，換(huan)(huan)(huan)向(xiang)火花(hua)易產(chan)(chan)(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)干(gan)擾。直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)有刷(shua)(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是內(nei)(nei)含電(dian)(dian)(dian)刷(shua)(shua)裝置的(de)將(jiang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)成(cheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械能(直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji))或將(jiang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械能轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)成(cheng)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji))的(de)旋轉(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。區別于直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)無刷(shua)(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)刷(shua)(shua)裝置是用(yong)(yong)來引入(ru)或引出(chu)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)。直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)有刷(shua)(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是所有電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)基(ji)礎，它具有啟動快、制動及時、可在大(da)(da)范(fan)圍內(nei)(nei)平滑地(di)調(diao)速、控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)路相對(dui)簡單等(deng)(deng)特(te)點。直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)有刷(shua)(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)廣(guang)泛(fan)應用(yong)(yong)在微(wei)型齒(chi)輪減(jian)(jian)速機(ji)(ji)(ji)中，這種(zhong)設備(bei)簡稱為直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)無刷(shua)(shua)減(jian)(jian)速電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，廣(guang)泛(fan)在汽車電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)、機(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)人驅動、自動化設備(bei)、智能家居等(deng)(deng)領域。

4.直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)：無(wu)(wu)(wu)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)由電(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)主體和驅動器(qi)(qi)組成(cheng)，是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)典型(xing)的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)一(yi)(yi)體化產品。 無(wu)(wu)(wu)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)指無(wu)(wu)(wu)電(dian)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)和換向(xiang)器(qi)(qi)（或集電(dian)環）的(de)(de)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，又(you)稱無(wu)(wu)(wu)換向(xiang)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。無(wu)(wu)(wu)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)因為(wei)(wei)具(ju)(ju)有直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)有刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)特性，同時也(ye)是(shi)頻(pin)(pin)率變化的(de)(de)裝置，所以(yi)又(you)名(ming)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)變頻(pin)(pin)，國際通(tong)用名(ming)詞為(wei)(wei)BLDC。無(wu)(wu)(wu)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)運(yun)轉效(xiao)率、低速轉矩、轉速精度(du)等(deng)都比任(ren)何控制技術的(de)(de)變頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)還要好；直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)具(ju)(ju)有無(wu)(wu)(wu)電(dian)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)、低干擾、噪音低，運(yun)轉順暢(chang)、壽命長，低維護(hu)成(cheng)本等(deng)特點(dian)；無(wu)(wu)(wu)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組裝在(zai)微型(xing)齒輪箱上，這種(zhong)產品稱為(wei)(wei)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)減速電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，廣泛(fan)應用在(zai)汽車、工具(ju)(ju)、工業工控、通(tong)訊設備、機(ji)(ji)(ji)械設備、自(zi)動化以(yi)及航空航天等(deng)。

5.電機(ji)：電機(ji)可以(yi)控制速(su)度(du)，位(wei)置精度(du)非(fei)常準確(que)，可以(yi)將電壓(ya)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化為(wei)(wei)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)和轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)以(yi)驅(qu)動(dong)控制對象。電機(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)受輸入信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)控制，并能快速(su)反應，在自動(dong)控制系統中，用作執(zhi)行(xing)元件(jian)，且具有機(ji)電時間常數小、線性度(du)高等特性，可把所(suo)收到的電信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換成電動(dong)機(ji)軸上的角位(wei)移(yi)或角速(su)度(du)輸出。分為(wei)(wei)直流(liu)和交流(liu)電動(dong)機(ji)兩大類，其主要特點是，當信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)電壓(ya)為(wei)(wei)零時無自轉(zhuan)(zhuan)現象，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)隨著轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)的增加而(er)勻速(su)下(xia)降(jiang)。