直流電機和交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)是兩種常(chang)用的驅(qu)動電(dian)機(ji)(ji)，在介紹直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)和交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)兩種驅(qu)動電(dian)機(ji)(ji)設備之間的區別之前(qian)，先了解什么是直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)、交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)。

什么是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)？直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)能(neng)將(jiang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉換(huan)成(cheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械能(neng)（直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)）或將(jiang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械能(neng)轉換(huan)成(cheng)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)（直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)）的(de)(de)旋轉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。它(ta)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)提升直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)和(he)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械能(neng)互相轉換(huan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。當(dang)它(ta)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運行(xing)(xing)時是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉換(huan)為(wei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械能(neng)；作(zuo)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運行(xing)(xing)時是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，將(jiang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械能(neng)轉換(huan)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)。直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)結構應(ying)由定(ding)子和(he)轉子兩大(da)部(bu)分組成(cheng)。直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運行(xing)(xing)時靜止不動(dong)的(de)(de)部(bu)分稱(cheng)為(wei)定(ding)子，定(ding)子的(de)(de)主要作(zuo)用是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)生(sheng)磁場，由機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)座、主磁極、換(huan)向極、端蓋、軸承和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刷裝置等(deng)組成(cheng)。直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)按照結構分為(wei)他勵直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、并勵直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、串勵直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、復勵直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)；直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)按照使(shi)用需求通常需要搭載減(jian)速齒(chi)輪(lun)箱、行(xing)(xing)星齒(chi)輪(lun)箱、圓柱齒(chi)輪(lun)箱、平行(xing)(xing)齒(chi)輪(lun)箱等(deng)，這種產(chan)品稱(cheng)為(wei)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)減(jian)速電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)；直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)減(jian)速電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)廣泛應(ying)用于機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械設(she)備(bei)(bei)產(chan)品、機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器人、船舶工業、通訊(xun)設(she)備(bei)(bei)、汽車驅動(dong)等(deng)領域。

什(shen)么是交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)？交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是用于(yu)提升機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械能和交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能相(xiang)互轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械。由于(yu)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)的(de)(de)巨大發展(zhan)，交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)已(yi)成(cheng)為最常用的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)相(xiang)比，由于(yu)沒有(you)(you)換向器（見直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)換向），因此結構簡單(dan)，制造方便，比較(jiao)牢(lao)固，容(rong)易做成(cheng)高轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速、高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)、大容(rong)量的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)功(gong)率(lv)的(de)(de)覆(fu)蓋范圍很(hen)大，從幾(ji)(ji)瓦到(dao)幾(ji)(ji)十萬千瓦、甚(shen)至上(shang)百(bai)萬千瓦。交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)按其功(gong)能通常分為交流(liu)(liu)(liu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和同步(bu)調相(xiang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)幾(ji)(ji)大類。由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)(zuo)狀態(tai)的(de)(de)可逆性，同一臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)既(ji)可作(zuo)(zuo)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)又可作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)分為發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)并不很(hen)確切(qie)，只是有(you)(you)些(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)主(zhu)要(yao)作(zuo)(zuo)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運行(xing)，有(you)(you)些(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)主(zhu)要(yao)作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運行(xing)。交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)按品種分有(you)(you)同步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、異步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)兩大類。同步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速ns與(yu)(yu)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)磁(ci)場的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速相(xiang)同，稱為同步(bu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速。ns與(yu)(yu)所接交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)頻率(lv)（f）、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)磁(ci)極(ji)對(dui)數（P）之間有(you)(you)嚴格的(de)(de)關系。

直流(liu)電機與交流(liu)電機區(qu)別：

1.首先兩者的外部供電不同，直流電機使用直流電做為電源；而交流電機則是使用交流電做為電源。
2.從結構上說，前者的原理相對簡單，但結構復雜，不便于維護；而后者原理復雜但結構相對簡單，而且比直流電機便于維護。
3.直流電機是磁場不動，導體在磁場中運動；交流電機是磁場旋轉運動，而導體不動。
4.在調速方面，直流電機可以提升平滑而經濟地調速，不需要其它設備的配合，只要改變輸入或勵磁電壓電流就能提升調速；而交流電機自身完成不了調速，需要借助變頻設備來提升速度的改變。
5.電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)結構(gou)不同，直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)通的(de)(de)是直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)，不會直接產生旋轉磁場，它依靠隨(sui)轉子(zi)轉動的(de)(de)換向器隨(sui)時改變進(jin)入轉子(zi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)方向，使轉子(zi)定子(zi)間的(de)(de)磁場的(de)(de)極性一直相反，這樣(yang)轉子(zi)才能轉動；而交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)因為使用的(de)(de)是交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)，只要定子(zi)線(xian)圈按相位布(bu)局，自然會產生旋轉磁場。