12V直流減速正反轉電機屬于小功率減速電機，主要驅(qu)動結構(gou)由直(zhi)流(liu)電機(ji)(ji)作(zuo)為(wei)驅(qu)動源、齒輪(lun)箱（減(jian)速器(qi)）集(ji)成組裝而成，由電機(ji)(ji)斷路(lu)器(qi)、接觸器(qi)控制直(zhi)流(liu)電機(ji)(ji)的(de)正(zheng)反轉(zhuan)，下面詳細(xi)介紹12V直(zhi)流(liu)減(jian)速正(zheng)反轉(zhuan)電機(ji)(ji)規格、參數、技術原理。

正反轉電機驅動原理：

  直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)正(zheng)反(fan)轉，代(dai)表的(de)(de)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)順時(shi)針(zhen)轉動(dong)和逆時(shi)針(zhen)轉動(dong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)順時(shi)針(zhen)轉動(dong)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)正(zheng)轉，電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)逆時(shi)針(zhen)轉動(dong)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)反(fan)轉。正(zheng)反(fan)轉控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路圖及其原理分析要提升電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)正(zheng)反(fan)轉只要將接至(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)三相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源進(jin)線中的(de)(de)任意兩相(xiang)對(dui)調接線即可(ke)達到(dao)反(fan)轉的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。

線路技術原理分析：

  一、正向啟動：　
  1、合上空氣開關QF接通三相電源　
  2、按(an)(an)下(xia)正(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)啟動(dong)按(an)(an)鈕SB3，KM1通電吸合并自鎖，主觸頭(tou)閉合接通電動(dong)機，電動(dong)機這時(shi)的相序是L1、L2、L3，即(ji)正(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)運行。

  二、反向啟動：　
  1、合上空氣開關QF接通三相電源　
  2、按下(xia)反向(xiang)啟動(dong)(dong)按鈕(niu)SB2，KM2通電(dian)(dian)吸合并通過輔助觸點自鎖，常開(kai)主觸頭閉(bi)合換接了(le)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機三相的電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)相序，這時電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機的相序是L3、L2、L1，即反向(xiang)運行。

  三、互鎖環節：具有禁止功能在線路中起安全保護作用　
  1、接觸(chu)(chu)器互鎖(suo)：KM1線(xian)圈(quan)回路串(chuan)(chuan)入KM2的(de)常(chang)閉(bi)輔(fu)助觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)，KM2線(xian)圈(quan)回路串(chuan)(chuan)入KM1的(de)常(chang)閉(bi)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)。當正轉接觸(chu)(chu)器KM1線(xian)圈(quan)通電(dian)動作后，KM1的(de)輔(fu)助常(chang)閉(bi)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)斷開了KM2線(xian)圈(quan)回路，若使(shi)KM1得(de)電(dian)吸合，必須先(xian)使(shi)KM2斷電(dian)釋放(fang)，其(qi)輔(fu)助常(chang)閉(bi)觸(chu)(chu)頭(tou)復位，這(zhe)(zhe)就防止了KM1、KM2同(tong)時吸合造成相間(jian)短路，這(zhe)(zhe)一線(xian)路環(huan)節稱為互鎖(suo)環(huan)節。　

  2、按(an)鈕(niu)互鎖：在電(dian)路(lu)(lu)中采用了控(kong)制按(an)鈕(niu)操作的(de)(de)正反傳控(kong)制電(dian)路(lu)(lu)，按(an)鈕(niu)SB2、SB3都具有一(yi)對常開觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)，一(yi)對常閉(bi)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)，這兩(liang)(liang)個觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)分別與(yu)KM1、KM2線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈回路(lu)(lu)連接(jie)。例如按(an)鈕(niu)SB2的(de)(de)常開觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)與(yu)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)器(qi)(qi)KM2線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈串聯，而(er)常閉(bi)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)與(yu)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)器(qi)(qi)KM1線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈回路(lu)(lu)串聯。按(an)鈕(niu)SB3的(de)(de)常開觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)與(yu)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)器(qi)(qi)KM1線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈串聯，而(er)常閉(bi)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)壓KM2線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈回路(lu)(lu)串聯。這樣(yang)當按(an)下SB2時(shi)只能有接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)器(qi)(qi)KM2的(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈可以通電(dian)而(er)KM1斷電(dian)，按(an)下SB3時(shi)只能有接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)器(qi)(qi)KM1的(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈可以通電(dian)而(er)KM2斷電(dian)，如果同時(shi)按(an)下SB2和(he)SB3則兩(liang)(liang)只接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)器(qi)(qi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈都不能通電(dian)。這樣(yang)就起(qi)到了互鎖的(de)(de)作用。

  四、電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)正向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)（或反向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)）啟動(dong)(dong)運(yun)轉后(hou)，不必先按(an)停止(zhi)按(an)鈕(niu)使電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)停止(zhi)，可(ke)以直接按(an)反向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)（或正向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)）啟動(dong)(dong)按(an)鈕(niu)，使電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)變為(wei)反方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)運(yun)行。

  五、電(dian)動機的過載保護由熱繼電(dian)器FR完成(cheng)。