減速機的全稱是減速電機，簡稱為“減速機”，是一種應用的減速連接設備，按照減速器（齒輪箱）類型，可分為齒輪減速機、直流減速機、行星減(jian)(jian)速(su)機(ji)、蝸輪蝸桿減(jian)(jian)速(su)機(ji)等；減(jian)(jian)速(su)機(ji)主要(yao)結構(gou)由減(jian)(jian)速(su)器（齒輪箱(xiang)）、驅動電機(ji)組裝而成，按照(zhao)功(gong)率大(da)小分為小功(gong)率減(jian)(jian)速(su)機(ji)、大(da)功(gong)率減(jian)(jian)速(su)機(ji)，分別應用在不同的場(chang)景(jing)中。

  減速機采用(yong)電(dian)機作為驅(qu)動源，不同領域應用(yong)不同的驅(qu)動電(dian)機，比較常用(yong)的驅(qu)動電(dian)機有(you)直流電(dian)機、步進電(dian)機、空心杯電(dian)機等，下面一一介紹。

  1.直流電機
  直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)（direct current machine）是指(zhi)能(neng)將直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉換成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)(ji)械能(neng)（直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)）或將機(ji)(ji)械能(neng)轉換成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)能(neng)（直(zhi)流發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)）的(de)旋轉電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)。直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)結(jie)構應由(you)定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)和轉子(zi)(zi)兩大部分(fen)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)運行時靜止不(bu)動的(de)部分(fen)稱為(wei)定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)，定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)的(de)主要作用是產生磁場(chang)，由(you)機(ji)(ji)座、主磁、換向、端蓋(gai)、軸承和電(dian)(dian)刷裝置(zhi)等組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。

  2.步進電機
  步進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖信號轉變(bian)(bian)為(wei)角位移或線(xian)位移的(de)開環控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，是(shi)(shi)現代數(shu)字(zi)程序控(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)中的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)執行元件，應用為(wei)。步進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)一種感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，它(ta)的(de)工作原理是(shi)(shi)利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，將直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)成分(fen)時供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)，多(duo)相時序控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，用這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為(wei)步進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，步進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)才能(neng)正(zheng)常工作，驅動器(qi)就是(shi)(shi)為(wei)步進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)分(fen)時供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)，多(duo)相時序控(kong)制器(qi)。

  3.空心杯電機
  空(kong)心(xin)杯電動機(ji)(ji)在結(jie)構上(shang)了傳統電機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)轉子(zi)結(jie)構形式，采用的(de)(de)是無鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)轉子(zi)，也叫空(kong)心(xin)杯型轉子(zi)。這種(zhong)新(xin)穎(ying)的(de)(de)轉子(zi)結(jie)構消除了由于鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)形成(cheng)渦(wo)流而(er)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)電能(neng)損耗。空(kong)心(xin)杯電動機(ji)(ji)克服了有鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)電動機(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)可逾越的(de)(de)技(ji)術障礙，而(er)且其突出(chu)的(de)(de)特(te)點集中在電動機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)主要性(xing)能(neng)方(fang)面，使其具備了廣闊(kuo)的(de)(de)應用領(ling)域。尤其是隨著工業技(ji)術的(de)(de)飛速發展，對電動機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)特(te)性(xing)不(bu)(bu)斷提出(chu)更的(de)(de)期望和要求，使空(kong)心(xin)杯電動機(ji)(ji)在很多應用場合擁有不(bu)(bu)可替代的(de)(de)地位。